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探究不同水温、流速组合条件下草鱼洄游行为差异，为水利水电工程生态调度及河流生态修复提供基础理论和数据支持。以180尾2龄草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）为试验对象，开展了6个水温梯度、2个流速梯度组合条件下鱼类洄游行为的对比试验，分析水温、流速及其交互作用对鱼类生殖洄游的影响机制。试验结果表明：水温、流速及其交互作用对草鱼上溯洄游均有显著性影响（P<0.05）；在不同流速条件下，有效刺激鱼类洄游的最低水温不同，高流速（0.6 m/s）时为14℃，低流速（0.3 m/s）时为18℃；在14～18℃水温区间，提升流速可有效缓解水温降低对草鱼生殖洄游的不利影响，在此水温区间内，流速对上溯成功率的贡献度为91.61%。
Abstract：Flow velocity and water temperature are key environmental factors affecting fish migration.The construction and operation of hydropower projects interfere with the flow velocity and temperature of rivers, consequently shortening the spawning period and reducing the population of migratory fish.Therefore, the determination of hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions that stimulate fish migration is urgently needed to allow ecological regulation of existing projects. Previous studies focused on the influence of a single factor, water temperature or flow velocity, on fish migration and neglected the interaction between the factors. In this study, grass carps were selected for study, and we conducted comparative experiments on the migration behavior of grass carps under the combinations of six water temperatures(12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 ℃) and two flow velocities(0.3 m/s and 0.6 m/s) to determine the effects of water temperature, flow velocity, and their interaction on the reproductive migration behavior of grass carps. We aimed to provide a theoretical foundation and data support for the ecological regulation of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The key findings were as follows: Water temperature, flow velocity and their interaction significantly affected the migration of grass carps(P<0.05). At a water temperature of 12℃, there was no significant difference between the high and low flow velocity in stimulating grass carp migration. In the water temperature range of 14-18°C, increasing the flow velocity promoted the migration of grass carps; migration success rate increased by 25%, up to 91.61%, and migration reaction time decreased by 3.7 minutes. At different flow velocities, the lowest water temperature that effectively stimulated fish migration varied with flow velocity, 14°C at high flow velocity(0.6 m/s) and18°C at low flow velocity(0.3 m/s). In conclusion, our research results demonstrate the potential benefit of increasing water discharge and flow velocity to mitigate delays in fish spawning migration caused by low-temperature water discharge from reservoirs.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202306190163
中图分类号:S956
引用信息:
[1]闫肖瑶,杨泽凡,曾庆慧,等.流速-水温对草鱼生殖洄游的交互作用[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(04):238-246.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202306190163.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目（2022YFC3205000）; 国家自然科学基金项目（52109045,U2240202）