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分析青藏高原东北部水库CH4扩散通量和冒泡通量的时空特征及其影响因素，为高原水库CH4排放研究提供数据支持。选取黄河干流水库和湟水流域水库共17座为研究区，于2023年5月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期)通过顶空平衡法、TBL扩散模型、静态箱-气相色谱法监测CH4溶存浓度、扩散通量和冒泡通量，并结合水库特性及水体理化性质进行影响分析。结果显示：(1)17座水库在5月和8月均表现为CH4的源，冒泡传输是最主要的排放方式，8月CH4扩散通量为0.09～82.83 mg/(m2·h)，整体水平高于5月的0.02～25.82 mg/(m2·h);8月CH4冒泡通量为0.01～3.34 mg/(m2·h)，均值大于5月的0.01～15.11 mg/(m2·h)；湟水流域水库CH4扩散通量为(0.44±0.81)mg/(m2·h)，冒泡通量为(1.41±3.02)mg/(m2·h)，大于黄河干流水库，其扩散通量为(0.08±0.07)mg/(m2·h)，冒泡通量为(0.35±0.54)mg/(m2·h)；黄河干流水库冒泡通量贡献率为73.83%，湟水流域为62.23%。(2)库龄是CH4排放的关键影响因子，与黄河干流水库CH4通量呈负相关、与湟水流域水库呈正相关，水温、盐度、pH、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)等环境因子亦显著影响通量，冗余分析显示关键因子解释黄河干流79.5%、湟水流域43.4%的通量变异。(3)与其他地区相比，湟水流域水库CH4排放量属于中等水平，高于温带/寒带多数水库，低于热带高生物量区域，青藏高原小型水库CH4排放值得关注。
Abstract：Reservoirs are an important source of methane(CH4) emissions. In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of methane(CH4) diffusion and ebullition in reservoirs of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and factors influencing the fluxes. In May and August 2023, air and water samples were collected at 57 sampling sites of 17 reservoirs in the mainstream of the Yellow River and Huangshui River basins. The headspace equilibrium method, thin boundary layer(TBL) model,and static chamber-gas-chromatography method were used to determine the dissolved CH4 concentration, diffusion flux, and ebullition flux. Additionally, water environmental parameters were measured simultaneously to examine the influence of the physicochemical parameters on the CH4 fluxes. Results show:(1) the seventeen reservoirs all acted as sources of CH4 in both May and August, and ebullition was the most important emission pathway. Overall, the CH4 diffusion and ebullition fluxes in August[0.09-82.83 mg/(m2·h), 0.01-3.34 mg/(m2·h)] were greater than those in May [0.02-25.82 mg/(m2·h),0.01-15.11 mg/(m2·h)], and spatially, CH4 diffusion flux and ebullition fluxes of the Huangshui River basin [(0.44±0.81 mg/(m2·h),(1.41±3.02) mg/(m2·h)] were greater than those in the mainstream of the Yellow River [0.08±0.07 mg/(m2·h), 0.35±0.54 mg/(m2·h]. The contribution rate of ebullition was 73.83% for reservoirs in the mainstream of the Yellow River and 62.23% for those in the Huangshui River basin.(2) Reservoir age was a key influencing factor for CH4 emission. There was a negative correlation between reservoir age and CH4 fluxes in the mainstream of the Yellow River, while there was a positive correlation with CH4 fluxes in the Huangshui River basin. CH4 fluxes were also affected by water temperature, salinity, pH, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon. Redundancy analysis reveals that these key factors explained 79.5% of the flux variation in the mainstream of the Yellow River and 43.4% in the Huangshui River basin.(3) Compared with other regions, CH4 emissions from reservoirs in the Huangshui River basin were moderately high, higher than those from most reservoirs in temperate/boreal zones but lower than those in tropical regions with higher biomass. The CH4 emissions from small reservoirs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be paid particular attention. These results provide comprehensive data support for further study of CH4 emissions from reservoirs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202409010001
中图分类号:TV697;X143
引用信息:
[1]夏亮,毛旭锋,吴艺,等.青藏高原东北部黄河干流水库与湟水流域水库甲烷扩散和冒泡通量研究[J].水生态学杂志,2026,47(04):1-11.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202409010001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（52070108）; 青海师范大学大学生创新创业训练计划（qhnucxcy2023005）; 青海省自然科学基金（2024-ZJ-910）
2025-06-10
2025-06-10
2025-06-10