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研究面向水质改善的感潮河网生态流量阈值，探讨径潮耦合作用下水文连通性与水质响应机制，为感潮河网水质改善与生态流量管理提供科学依据。研究以东江三角洲感潮河网为例，识别关键水质因子TN、TP，构建动态水文连通性指标，再运用MIKE HYDRO River建立一维水动力-水质耦合模型，模拟不同径潮情景下的水文连通性与水质响应，最后采用Tennant法设置生态流量方案。结果表明：河网水文连通性对径流变化更敏感，其对径流变化的响应强度(27.7%)显著高于潮位变化(7.3%)；流量对污染物的削减作用强于潮汐，潮汐在低流量时期易引发污染物振荡滞留；保障生态流量≥451.47 m3/s(约多年平均径流的60%)可有效提升河网水文连通性，并在一定程度上改善水质；TN和TP的最优改善率分别约为8%和20%，但仅靠流量管理提升水质的空间有限。未来需结合污染源减排等综合措施以实现更高水平的水环境质量提升。
Abstract：Freshwater scarcity and water quality degradation caused by urbanization are major challenges in deltaic tidal river networks. Effective assessment of environmental flow(EF) is essential for mitigating pollution-induced water shortages and ensuring sustainable regional development. However, complex interactions between runoff and tidal dynamics, coupled with limited spatiotemporal coverage of runoff monitoring, complicates precise determination of EF. In this study, we selected the Dongjiang Delta tidal river network for a case study. Ecological flow thresholds for water quality improvement in the tidal river network were explored and the hydrological connectivity and water quality response mechanisms under the influence of coupled runoff and tides were investigated. We aimed to provide a scientific basis for improving water quality and managing ecological flows in tidal river networks. First, key water quality indicators were identified using principal component analysis based on water quality data from 2018. Then dynamic hydrological connectivity metrics were constructed and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic-water quality coupled model was developed to simulate hydrological connectivity and water quality responses under varying runoff-tide scenarios. Finally, the Tennant method was applied to establish an ecological flow management scheme. Results show:(1) Hydrological connectivity was more sensitive to variations in runoff than tidal fluctuations. The response to changes in runoff(average increase of 27.7% across subnetworks) was significantly higher than the response to tidal fluctuations(average increase of 7.3%). The variation in hydrological connectivity during flood season was greater than that during non-flood season,and different sub-river networks exhibited regional differences in response to fluctuations in runoff and tides.(2) Runoff exerted a stronger pollutant removal effect, while tides tended to induce oscillation and retention of pollutants during low-flow periods.(3) Maintaining an ecological flow of ≥451.47 m3/s(approximately 60% of the multi-year average runoff) would effectively enhance hydrological connectivity and improve water quality, with optimal improvement rates of 8% for TN and 20% for TP. Nevertheless,the improvement of water quality through flow regulation alone is limited. In the future, strategies should integrate pollutant source reduction and other comprehensive measures to achieve substantial and sustainable enhancements in aquatic environmental quality.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202502270001
中图分类号:X52;X143
引用信息:
[1]张济显,艾丽莎,杨盈等.水文连通性视角下面向水质改善的感潮河网生态流量研究[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(05):63-77.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202502270001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52239005,51979042); 松山湖科技特派员项目(20234424-01KCJ-G)