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探究亚细胞分布层面挺水植物耐砷机理，为利用挺水植物修复砷污染水体提供理论依据。选取菖蒲（Acorus calamus）为供试植物，采用水培试验，考察不同浓度（0、200、500和1 000μg/L）砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]和亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]对菖蒲根和茎叶的亚细胞组分中砷含量的影响，分析砷在各亚细胞组分中的分布特征。结果表明：不同浓度As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)处理，菖蒲根系各亚细胞组分中的砷含量均显著高于茎叶。根细胞的可溶性组分（包含液泡）中砷含量均显著高于同一砷浓度处理下的另外3种亚细胞组分，其最高含量分别为25.03 mg/kg[As(Ⅴ)]和13.28 mg/kg[As(Ⅲ)]。在高浓度As(Ⅴ)或As(Ⅲ)处理下，茎叶各亚细胞组分中的砷含量分布异于根系，线粒体组分中的砷含量最高3.52 mg/kg[As(Ⅴ)]和1.61 mg/kg[As(Ⅲ)]，其次是可溶性组分。在菖蒲根系中，As(Ⅴ)的亚细胞分布呈现为可溶性组分>线粒体组分>细胞壁组分>细胞核组分，As(Ⅲ)的亚细胞分布则表现为可溶性组分>细胞壁组分>线粒体组分>细胞核组分，可溶性组分中As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的占比分别为37.7%～40.5%、31.0%～52.9%。菖蒲茎叶中As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的亚细胞分布均主要集中在可溶性组分和线粒体组分内。由此可见，菖蒲根细胞的可溶性组分是As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的主要积累场所，其根、茎叶细胞主要通过液泡区隔化作用以减弱无机砷对自身的毒害。
Abstract：The subcellular distribution of heavy metals is an important aspect of metal tolerance in plants. In this study, Acorus calamus L. an emergent macrophyte, was selected for hydroponic testing and we investigated the effects of different concentrations(0, 200, 500 and 1000 μg/L) of arsenate [As(Ⅴ)]and arsenite [As(Ⅲ)] on the arsenic contents of subcellular fractions of roots, stems and leaves of A. calamus. The mechanism of arsenic tolerance was explored based on its subcellular distribution. We aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated water bodies using emergent macrophytes. The arsenic content in each subcellular fraction of root was significantly higher than that in stems or leaves under all concentrations of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ). At the same concentration, arsenic content in the water-soluble fraction(including vacuoles) of root cells was significantly higher than in the other three subcellular fractions, peaking at 25.03 mg/kg in the As(Ⅴ) treatment and 13.28 mg/kg for the As(Ⅲ) treatment. Under the highest concentration of As(Ⅴ) or As(Ⅲ), the distribution of arsenic in each subcellular fraction of stems and leaves was different from that in roots, with the highest arsenic content in the mitochondrial fraction [(3.52 mg/kg for As(Ⅴ) and 1.61 mg/kg for As(Ⅲ)], followed by water-soluble fraction. In the roots of A. calamus, the subcellular content of As(Ⅴ) was in the order of water-soluble > mitochondria > cell walls > nuclei/chloroplasts, while the subcellular distribution of As(Ⅲ) showed a trend of water-soluble > cell walls > mitochondrial > nuclei/chloroplasts. The proportions of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) in the water-soluble fraction were 37.7%-40.5% and 31.0%-52.9%, respectively. As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) in the subcellular fractions of stems and leaves were predominantly concentrated in the water-soluble and mitochondrial fractions. Our results indicate that the soluble fraction of root cells is the primary location of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) accumulation in A. calamus, and that the root, stem and leaf cells reduce the toxicity of inorganic arsenic primarily through vascular sequestration.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202501190001
中图分类号:X173
引用信息:
[1]李丽珍,李淑慧,张婷.砷在菖蒲亚细胞组分中的分布特征[J].水生态学杂志().DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202501190001.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1807803)
2026-07-10
2026-07-10
2026-07-10