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对釜溪河生态系统健康状况进行评价，识别制约生态系统健康的主要因素，为针对性开展水生态环境保护修复提供科学支撑。2020年11月（秋季）、2021年3月（春季）和2021年8月（夏季）在沱江典型支流釜溪河流域主要水系上下游的7个代表性河段13个点位进行浮游植物群落和水质、栖息地质量监测，采用浮游植物生物完整性指数（P-IBI）进行河流生态系统健康评价。从釜溪河共鉴定出浮游植物7门103种，包括绿藻门40种、硅藻门28种、蓝藻门16种、裸藻门12种、甲藻门3种、隐藻门2种、金藻门2种。根据水质状况及栖息地质量划分参照点与受损点，对物种组成、相对丰富度、群落多样性和生产力等18个浮游植物生物参数进行分布范围分析、判别能力分析及相关性分析，筛选出硅藻总分类单元数、硅藻比例和硅藻GI指数3个核心生物参数构建釜溪河P-IBI，通过比值法计算PIBI分值并基于4分制法明确健康评价标准。结果表明：由于从上游至下游人类活动影响增强导致河流生态系统健康受损程度逐渐加剧，釜溪河生态系统整体为亚健康状态；其中，釜溪河支流上游河段为非常健康，中下游河段为亚健康-不健康，釜溪河下游干流为不健康-病态；河流健康程度秋季>春季>夏季。Pearson相关性分析显示P-IBI与总磷、高锰酸盐指数显著负相关（P<0.05），与栖息地质量呈正相关（P>0.05），表明P-IBI对釜溪河水质污染和栖息地人为破坏具有一定指示作用。应进一步削减流域污染源、优化水动力条件和河流生态系统结构，以改善釜溪河健康状况。
Abstract：Phytoplankton is the primary producer in aquatic ecosystems and rapidly and sensitively reflects changes in the river ecological environment and health status. In this study, Fuxi River, a typical tributary of Tuojiang River, was selected for a case study, and we assessed the ecological health of Fuxi River based on a phytoplankton index of biotic integrity(P-IBI) constructed as part of this study. In November 2020, and March and August 2021, the phytoplankton community, water quality and habitat quality were investigated at 13 sites of 7 river segments in the mainstem of Fuxi River and its tributaries. A total of 103 phytoplankton species from 7 phyla were identified, including 40Chlorophyta, 28 Bacillariophyta, 16 Cyanophyta, 12 Euglenophyta, 3 Pyrrophyta, 2 Cryptophyta and2 Chrysophyta. First, the reference sites and impaired sites were separated according to water quality and habitat condition. Then, 18 candidate phytoplankton parameters, related to species composition,relative richness, community diversity and productivity were assessed using distribution range analysis, discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation. Three core biological parameters(total taxon number of diatoms, proportion of diatoms, and the GI index of diatoms) were then selected and used to construct the P-IBI for Fuxi River. Finally, the P-IBI score for each site was calculated by the ratio method and the ecosystem health status of each site was defined based on a 4-point scale and graded(very healthy, healthy, subhealthy, unhealthy, very unhealthy). Results show that river ecosystem health in Fuxi River basin was generally sub-healthy, and gradually deteriorated from the upper reaches to the lower reaches due to the increase in human activities. The ecosystem health status was very healthy in the upper reaches of Fuxi River tributaries, sub-healthy to unhealthy in the middle and lower reaches of the tributaries, and unhealthy to very unhealthy for lower mainstream Fuxi River. River health was better in autumn than in spring, and worst in summer. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between P-IBI and total phosphorus and the permanganate index(P<0.05), and P-IBI was positively correlated with the qualitative habitat evaluation index(QHEI)(P>0.05). Thus, the P-IBI is a good indicator of water quality and habitat condition in Fuxi River. To improve the health status of Fuxi River, we recommend further reductions in pollutant inputs, optimizing hydrodynamic conditions and improving habitat structure.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202301290018
中图分类号:Q948.8;X826
引用信息:
[1]廖瑞雪,鲍林林,陈杰等.釜溪河浮游植物生物完整性指数构建与生态系统健康评价[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(02):204-213.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202301290018.
基金信息:
四川省环境厅固体类、应急类科研项目（2021-028）; 长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目（2022-LHYJ-02-0509-02）; 四川省科技计划项目（2021ZHYZ0003）