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调查鄱阳湖及其邻近河口水域渔业资源状况，为禁捕后长江流域通江湖泊的渔业资源养护提供科学依据。2020—2021年在鄱阳湖水域7个监测站位开展了84次渔业资源调查，获渔获物14 333尾、10 300.048 kg，经鉴定有93种。7个站位优势种分别为2～7种，其中湖口站位优势种仅2种，都昌站位和鄱阳站位优势种均为7种。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为2.158～2.909、4.265～6.459和0.617～0.822。与2012年相比，2021年主要经济鱼类的变化体现在3个方面，即体长更长，增幅为6.1%～61.26%；体重更大，增幅为15.14%～291.57%；年龄结构更优，1龄和2龄所占比例明显减少，3～4龄所占比例明显增加，其中鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）是禁捕下上述变化的代表性鱼类之一。需要特别指出的是，青鱼（Mylopharyngododon piceus）数量仍然较少，且未发现4龄及以上个体，但2龄所占比例明显增加。
Abstract：In this study, we carried out a two-year fishery resource survey in Poyang Lake and its coves in 2020 and 2021, focusing on species composition, diversity, and community structure dynamics. We aimed to understand the fishery resource status of the Poyang Lake and its adjacent waters after a ten-year ban on fishing, and provide scientific evidence to develop protection measures and promote the maintenance of fishery resources. A total of 84 surveys with accurately located sampling sites were conducted at the Hukou, Lushan, Duchang, Yongxiu, Nanjishan, Ruihong and Poyang sections of Poyang Lake in 2020and 2021. The species of all specimens were identified and total length, body length and body weight were measured. Scales of 9 fish species, including Mylopharyngododon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were collected for age determination. A total of 14 333 fish from 93species, 19 families and 11 orders were collected, with a total weight of 10 300.048 kg and absolute dominance by Cyprinidae(52 species, 55.91%). The number of dominant species ranged from 2-7 for the 7 stations, among which only 2 dominant species were observed at the Hukou station, but 7 species at Duchang and Poyang. Shannon-Wiener diversity, Margalef richness and Pielou evenness indices of the fish community were in the range of 2.158-2.909, 4.265-6.459 and 0.617-0.822, respectively. Compared to fishery resource data for 2012, the major economic fishes in 2021 were longer in body length by 6.1%-61.26%, heavier in body weight by 15.14%-291.57%, and had a better age structure. There was a marked decrease in the proportion of 1 and 2 year-olds and a marked increase in the proportion of 3 and 4 yearolds. Among the total species collected, Siniperca chuatsi was one of the species displaying the changes described above and benefitting from the ten-year ban on fishing. However, it should be pointed out specifically that the number of M. piceus was still low, and no individuals at 4 years or older were collected,but the proportion of 2 year-old individuals did increase significantly. In conclusion, the current survey,carried out after the ten-year fishing ban, provides data for evaluating the effect of the fishing ban in Poyang Lake and its tributaries.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202209090369
中图分类号:S932.4
引用信息:
[1]吴斌,章海鑫,吴子君,等.2020—2021年鄱阳湖及其河口渔业资源调查[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(01):99-110.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202209090369.
基金信息:
江西省双千计划项目（ixsg2020102109）; 江西省渔业种业联合育种攻关项目（2023yyzygg-02）
2023-01-31
2023-01-31
2023-01-31