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为提升滨海湿地的生境修复能力，有效解决含盐水污染问题，为人工湿地生态化过程的进一步推广和应用提供参考，选取滨海耐盐型湿地植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)和海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)，构建岩棉耦合耐盐湿地植物强化型人工湿地装置。通过设计不同的系统运行条件和进水负荷，开展复合型人工湿地净化效果验证的微宇宙试验，明确最适宜的岩棉耦合耐盐植物的复合型人工湿地类型和最佳运行条件。结果表明，盐度为1‰，碳氮比(C/N)为4:1时，种植互花米草且岩棉放置位置为上中层的装置对总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)处理效果最佳，分别为85.48%、91.30%；盐度为15‰，C/N=5:1时，种植互花米草且岩棉放置位置为上中层的装置对TN、TP、化学需氧量(CODMn)去除效果最佳，去除率分别为69.50%、70.73%、68.50%。电镜图显示岩棉表面可附着水体中的盐粒子，提升装置抵御盐胁迫能力，岩棉和石英砂的不同组合对功能微生物的富集存在明显影响。岩棉的加入有助于植物体内功能性酶的产生，提升了功能性菌种的丰度，通过主坐标分析(PCoA)发现复合装置内微生物的群落分布得到了优化。
Abstract：In this study two coastal salt-tolerant wetland plants, Spartina alterniflora(Sp) and Scirpus mariqueter(Sc), were selected to establish a plant-enhanced artificial wetland with different combinations of rock-wool and quartz sand. A microspace experiment was then carried out to verify the extent of purification by constructed composite wetland devices on saline wastewater under different operating conditions and influent loads. The objectives were to find the most suitable components and optimal operating conditions for the wetland, improve the habitat restoring ability of coastal wetlands, address saltwater pollution, and provide a reference to promote the use of constructed wetlands as an ecological means for removing pollutants. Four constructed wetland designs were tested:(1) Sp with quartz sand,(2) Sp with layered rock-wool and quartz sand,(3) Sc with quartz sand,(4) Sc with layered rock-wool and quartz sand. Four water retention times(1, 2, 3, 4 d) were set and measurements were made, including every day water quality, SEM scanning of rock-wool surface and the enzyme activity of plant leaves. In addition,microbial community composition and diversity on the rock-wool and quartz sand surfaces were examined. Results show that the optimal operating condition for the constructed wetland was Sp with rockwool at middle and upper layers. At a salinity of 1‰ and a C/N ratio of 4:1, the maximum removal rates for total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were 85.48% and 91.30%, respectively. At a salinity of15‰ and C/N=5:1, the maximum removal rates of TN, TP and chemical oxygen demand(CODMn) were69.50%, 70.73% and 68.50%, respectively. Examination of the rock-wool surface by scanning electron microscope showed salt particles on the rock-wool surface that increased the system's ability to resist salt stress. Different combinations of rock-wool and quartz sand had an obvious effect on the enrichment of functional microorganisms. The addition of rock-wool contributed to the production of functional enzymes in plants and increased the abundance of functional strains. Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)shows that the microbial community distribution was optimized in the complex plant-enhanced artificial wetland.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202404070114
中图分类号:X703;X17
引用信息:
[1]刘雁秋,赵志淼,高雪晴等.岩棉耦合耐盐植物提升人工湿地处理含盐废水的效果及机理[J].水生态学杂志,2024,45(06):180-191.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202404070114.
基金信息:
河北省湿地生态与保护重点实验室开放基金（hklk202201）